ANIMAL WELFARE REGULATIONS FOR POULTRY PRODUCTION IN EUROPE AND GERMANY - a European’s Perspective on Sustainable Poultry Farming -
نویسنده
چکیده
Public concern about the quality of life of farm animals has been increasing in recent years in Europe and the world. Animals are now defined as “sentient beings” in the Treaty of Amsterdam (1999), and in 2002 the German Parliament decided to include animal welfare in the German constitution being one of the constitutional aims. The present discussion on poultry production and husbandry in Europe are strongly concentrating on laying hens and the future of the laying hen cage systems. In 1999, the European Union published the Laying Hen Directive 1999/74/EU which determines to ban all conventional battery cages in the European Union by 2012. Current research reveals that all keeping systems for laying hens presently in use display advantages and disadvantages either for the animals or for the consumer or for the environment or for the farmer. More research is needed. The discussions on the welfare of turkeys, ducks, and broilers in modern husbandry systems has just started recently. Future oriented sustainable egg and poultry meat production has to take into account the needs of the animals, the consumer and the environment as well as occupational aspects and economic considerations, while animal welfare seems to be the most crucial topic including ethical, juridical, emotional and scientific aspects. In spite of still conflicting areas it is necessary to develop a concept towards such a comprehensive sustainability in poultry production which could form a substantial base for world wide recognised WTO standards.
منابع مشابه
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